ء
hamzah
glottal stop
أ
Alif hamzah above
glottal stop
isolated before /a/ and /u/ isolated
ّ
shadda
double-consonant
إ
Alif hamzah under
glottal stop
isolated before /i/ and /aa/ isolated
ؤ
waaw hamzah
glottal stop
isolated after /u/ isolated
َ
fatHah
a
ٰ
dagger alif
a
ْ
sukuun
non-vowel mark
ـأ
Alif hamzah above
glottal stop
final after /a/ final
ـئ
yaa’ hamzah
glottal stop
final after /i/ final
ـئـ
yaa’ hamzah
glottal stop
medial after /i/ medial
ـؤ
waaw hamzah
glottal stop
final after /u/ final
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