In Spanish, we don’t use only one verb for the weather. We choose different verbs depending on the type of expression: HACER → for general conditions like heat, cold, sun, or wind. ? Examples: Hace calor (It’s hot), Hace frío (It’s cold), Hace sol (It’s sunny), Hace viento (It’s windy). ⚠️ Be careful: we don’t say hay sol to describe the weather — the correct form is hace sol. ESTAR → for describing the weather that can change easily, like the sky. ? Examples: Está nublado (It’s cloudy), Está despejado (It’s clear), Hoy está soleado (Today it’s sunny). SER → for describing the usual climate of a place. ? Example: Madrid es una ciudad soleada (Madrid is a sunny city — here we’re talking about the general climate). HABER → for elements that exist in the atmosphere. ? Examples: Hay nubes (There are clouds), Hay tormenta (There is a storm), Hay niebla (There is fog). ⚠️ But hay calor is not correct — we say hace calor.